Zurich, Switzerland – A group of endangered Inca terns has been newly introduced at Zoo Zurich, where the birds can now be observed in their aviary.

The species, known as Inkaseeschwalben (Larosterna inca), is among the most distinctive coastal birds of South America and is currently classified as vulnerable. Once numbering in the millions, the wild population has declined to around 150,000 individuals.

A defining feature of the bird is its striking white facial plumage, which forms long feather tufts on both sides of the head. These feathers resemble a moustache, though they are actually made of cheek feathers rather than facial hair. Both males and females display this trait.

Researchers believe the length and fullness of the feathers are linked to health, with more developed plumage indicating stronger physical condition. This trait is thought to play an important role in mating, as healthier individuals are more likely to attract partners and produce resilient offspring.

The species is native to the Pacific coastline stretching from Peru to Chile, a region historically associated with the Inca civilization. There, the birds are skilled hunters that feed mainly on sardines found in large ocean schools.

However, overfishing and changes in ocean conditions have disrupted sardine populations, making food availability increasingly unpredictable. Climate-driven shifts in sea currents and temperatures have further affected their habitat.

The birds are also threatened by disease outbreaks such as avian influenza, which can spread rapidly among colonial water birds. As a result, conservation programs have become increasingly important for their survival.

Zoo Zurich has joined the European Endangered Species Programme for the Inca terns. Seven males and five females arrived in early April and are now housed in an aviary near the main entrance.

The birds share their enclosure with red ibises, another South American species. Known for their social behavior, Inca terns often gather in groups and are frequently seen bathing together.

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